Middle East / Africa

Nuclear Latnecy Technological Sovereignty and Strategic Deterrence in the Arab Middle East Nuclear latency in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is not a step on the path towards nuclearization but a mid- to long-term equilibrium state. It argues that both Egypt and Saudi Arabia have framed their own deliberate latency postures, which is the simultaneity of technological sovereignty and deterrent value, while not crossing the line of becoming nuclear powers, using the c

Governed by a constitution drafted in 2005, Iraqi society is unique in that it is subject to a mixed legal system, inspired by French and Egyptian civil law , but also by elements of Islamic law and Sharia . In practice, Iraqi law is structured as much by civil and criminal courts and codified commercial laws as by customary and tribal courts, governed by rules not recognized by the official justice system. Approaching Iraqi society and its government through the lens of law,

Eight years after setting foot on Malian soil, French President Emmanuel Macron announced a reduction in France’s military presence in the Sahel region. “We are going to initiate a profound transformation of our military presence in the region,” he declared at a press conference, referring to the five thousand soldiers deployed under the framework of the French Force Barkhane (FFB) to combat jihadist groups. Accelerated by the deterioration of relations between Paris and Bama